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Important topics covered in ICSE Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 1 The Language Of Chemistry Introduction Symbols Valency Formula Radicals Writing chemical formulae Naming certain compounds Calculating the valency from the formula Chemical equation Relative atomic mass (Atomic weight) Relative molecular mass (Molecular weight) Percentage composition Empirical formula of a compound This course covers all these topic with the help of illustartive examples.

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June 16, 2021

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Important topics covered in ICSE Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 1 The Language Of Chemistry

  • Introduction
  • Symbols
  • Valency
  • Formula
  • Radicals
  • Writing chemical formulae
  • Naming certain compounds
  • Calculating the valency from the formula
  • Chemical equation
  • Relative atomic mass (Atomic weight)
  • Relative molecular mass (Molecular weight)
  • Percentage composition
  • Empirical formula of a compound


This course covers all these topic with the help of illustartive examples.


Exercise:1

1. What is a symbol? What information does it convey?

Solution:

Short form of an atom of a specific element or the abbreviations used to refer names of the element is known as symbol.

1. It represents a specific element.

2. It represents one atom of an element.

3. A symbol represents how many atoms are present in its one gram (gm) atom.

4. It represents the number of times an atom is heavier than one atomic mass unit (amu) taken as a standard.

2. Why is the symbol S for Sulphur, but Na for Sodium and Si for Silicon?

Solution:

While naming an element first letter of the element is taken and written in capitals(e.g. for sulphur, we use the symbol S). In case if the letter is already adopted. We use a symbol derived from the Latin word of the element name (e.g. for sodium/Natrium, we use the symbol Na). In some cases, we use the initial letter in capital together with a small letter from its name (e.g. for silicon, we use the symbol Si).

3. Write the full form of IUPAC. Name the elements represented by the following Symbols: Au, Pb, Sn, Hg

Solution:

IUPAC stands for The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Au- Gold

Pb- Lead

Sn- Tin

Hg- Mercury

4. If the symbol for cobalt, Co were written as CO, What would be wrong with it?

Solution:

If we write CO it means it consists of two non-metals namely Carbon and Oxygen and it would represent Carbon-monoxide but not Cobalt.

5. What do the following symbols stand for?

a) H b) H2 c) 2H d) 2H2

Solution:

  1. H stands for one atom of Hydrogen
  2. H2 stands for one molecule of Hydrogen
  3. 2H stands for 2 atoms of Hydrogen
  4. 2H2 stands for 2 molecules of Hydrogen.

6. What is meant by atomicity? Name a diatomic element.

Solution:

A set of atoms of the same type together forms a molecule of the element. The number of atoms in a molecule of an element is called its atomicity.

Examples of diatomic elements are H2– Hydrogen, O2– Oxygen, N2– Nitrogen

7. a) Explain the terms valency and variable valency

b) How are the elements with variable valency named? Explain with an example.

Solution:

a) Valency is the capacity of an atom to lose, gain or share atoms during a chemical reaction is called its valency. Sometimes atom of an element can lose more electron than they are present which means they lose electron from its penultimate shell. Such an element is said to exhibit variable valency.

b) If an element exhibits two different positive valencies, then

1. For the lower valency, use the suffix -OUS at the end of the name of the metal

2. For the higher valency, use the suffix -IC at the end of the name of the metal.

8. Give the formula and valency of

a) aluminate

b) chromate

c) aluminium

d) cupric

Solution:

NameFormulaValencyAluminateAlO2-2ChromateCrO4-2AluminiumAl+3CupricCu+2

9.a) What is a chemical formula?

b) What is the significance of a formula? Give an illustrate.

Solution:

a) A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of the number of atoms present in a molecule of that substance.

b) Significance of Chemical Formula

A chemical formula is very important in finding information about chemical compounds as it tells us about the elements and the number of atoms in a substance

Example – Salt – NaCl, ethanol C2H6O because the molecule of ethanol contains two Carbon, 6 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen atom.

10. What do you understand by the following terms?

a) Acid radical b) Basic radical

Solution:

  1. Negatively charged radical is called as acidic radical.
  2. Positively charged radical is called a basic radical.

11. Select the basic radical in the following compounds

a) MgSO4

b) (NH4)2

c) Al2(SO4)3

d) ZnCO3

e) Mg(OH)2

Solution:

Acid RadicalBasic radicala) MgSO4SO4–Mg+b) (NH4)2SO4SO4–NH4+c) Al2(SO4)3SO4–Al+3d) ZnCO3CO3–Zn+2e) Mg(OH)2OH–Mg+2

12. Write the chemical formulae of sulphates of Aluminium, Ammonium and Zinc.

Solution:

Valencies of aluminium, ammonium and zinc are 3, 1 and 2, respectively. The valency of sulphate is 2. Hence, chemical formulae of the sulphates of aluminium, ammonium and zinc are Al2(SO4)3, (NH4)2SO4, ZnSO4.

13. The valency of element A is 3 and that of element B is 2. Write the formula of the compound formed by the combination of A and B.

Solution:

The formula of the compound whose valency is 3 and 3 is A2B3.

14. Match the following

CompoundFormulaBoric acidNaOHPhosphoric acidSiO2Nitrous acidNa2CO3Nitric acidKOHSulphorous acidCaCO3Sulphuric acidNaHCO3Hydrochloric acidH2SSilica (Sand)H2OCaustic soda ( Sodium Hydroxide)PH3Caustic potash( potassium hydroxide)CH4Washing soda( Sodium carbonate)NH3Baking Soda ( Sodium bicarbonate)HClLimestone ( calcium carbonate)H2SO3WaterHNO3Hydrogen SulphideHNO2AmmoniaH3BO3PhosphineH3PO4MethaneH2SO4

Solution:

CompoundFormulaBoric acidH3BO3Phosphoric acidH3PO4Nitrous acidHNO2Nitric acidHNO3Sulphorous acidH2SO3Sulphuric acidH2SO4Hydrochloric acidHClSilica (Sand)SiO2Caustic soda ( Sodium Hydroxide)NaOHCaustic potash( potassium hydroxide)KOHWashing soda( Sodium carbonate)Na2CO3Baking Soda ( Sodium bicarbonate)NaHCO3Limestone ( calcium carbonate)CaCO3WaterH2OHydrogen SulphideH2SAmmoniaNH3PhosphinePH3MethaneCH4

15. write the basic and acidic radicals of the following and then write the chemical formulae of these compounds.

a) Barium sulphate

b) Bismuth nitrate

c) calcium bromide

d) Ferrous sulphide

e) Chromium sulphate

f) Calcium silicate

g) Stannic oxide

h) Sodium Zincate

i) Magnesium phosphate

j) Sodium thiosulphate

k) Stannic phosphate

l) Nickel-bi-sulphate

m) Potassium mangnate

n) Potassium ferrocynide

Solution:

CompoundsAcidic radicalBasic radicalChemical formulaea) Barium sulphateSO4-2Ba+2BaSO4b) Bismuth nitrateNO3–Bi3+Bi( NO3)3c) calcium bromideBr–Ca+2CaBr2d) Ferrous sulphideS2-Fe+2FeSe) Chromium sulphateSO4-2Cr+3Cr2(SO4)3f) Calcium silicateSiO4-2CR3+Cr2(SO4)3g) Stannic oxideO-2Sn+2SnO2h) Sodium ZincateZnO-2Na+1Na2ZnO2i) Magnesium phosphatePO4-3Mg+2Mg3(PO4)2j) Sodium thiosulphate(S2O3)-2Na+1Na2S2O3k) Stannic phosphate(PO4)-3Sn4+Sn3( PO4)4l) Nickel-bi-silphateH2SO4-Ni+3NiH(SO4)3m) Potassium mangnateMnO4-2K+1K2MnO4n) Potassium ferrocynide[Fe(CN)6]4-K1+K4[Fe(CN)6]

16. Write chemical names of the following compounds

  1. Ca3(PO4)2
  2. K2CO3
  3. K2MnO4
  4. Mn3(BO3)2
  5. Mg(HCO3)2
  6. Na4Fe(CN)6
  7. Ba(Cl)3)2
  8. Ag2SO3
  9. (CH3COO)2Pb
  10. Na2SiO3

Solution:

  1. Calcium phosphate
  2. Potassium carbonate
  3. Potassium manganate
  4. Manganese(II) Borate
  5. Magnesium bicarbonate.
  6. Sodium ferrocyanide
  7. Barium Chlorate
  8. Silver sulfite
  9. Lead(II) acetate
  10. Sodium silicate

17. Give the names of the following compounds

a) KClO

b) KClO2

c) KClO3

d) KClO4

Solution:

  1. Potassium hypochlorite
  2. Potassium chlorite
  3. Potassium chlorate
  4. Potassium perchlorate

18. Complete the following statements by selecting the correct option.

a)The formula of a compound represents

  1. an atom
  2. a particle
  3. a molecule
  4. a combination

b) The correct formula of aluminium oxide is

  1. AlO3
  2. AlO2
  3. Al2O3
  4. Al3O2

c) The valency of Nitrogen in Nitrogen dioxide( NO2) is

i) One

ii) Two

iii) Three

iv) Four

Solution:

  1. The formula of a compound represents a molecule
  2. The correct formula of aluminium oxide is Al2O3
  3. The valency of Nitrogen in Nitrogen dioxide( NO2) is four

19. Give the names of the elements and number of atoms of those elements, present in the following compounds.

Solution:

a) Sodium sulphate

b) Quick lime

c) Baking soda (NaHCO3)

d) Ammonia

e) Ammonium dichromate

Solution:

a) Sodium sulphate

A chemical formula is Na2SO4

Atoms- 2 sodium, one Sulphur and 4 oxygen atoms.

b) Quick lime

The chemical formula is CaO.

Atoms- one Calcium atom and 1 oxygen atom.

c) Baking soda (NaHCO3)

The chemical formula is NaHCO3

Atoms- 1 Sodium, 1 hydrogen, 1 carbon and 3 oxygen atoms.

d) Ammonia

A chemical formula is NH3

Atoms- 3 hydrogens and 1 nitrogen atom.

e) Ammonium dichromate

The chemical formula is (NH4)2Cr2O7.

Atoms- 2 ammonium, 2 chromium and 7 oxygen atoms.

20. The formula of the sulphate of an element M is M2(SO4)3. Write the formula of it.

a) Chloride

b) Oxide

c)Phosphate

d) Acetate

Solution:

The answer is a) Chloride


Frequently Asked Questions on The Language of Chemistry

What is a symbol?

Short form of an atom of a specific element or the abbreviations used to refer names of the element is known as symbol.

Full form of IUPAC?

IUPAC stands for The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

Hydrogen Symbol?

H stands for one atom of Hydrogen

H2 stands for one molecule of Hydrogen

2H stands for 2 atoms of Hydrogen

2H2 stands for 2 molecules of Hydrogen

What is meant by atomicity?

A set of atoms of the same type together forms a molecule of the element. The number of atoms in a molecule of an element is called its atomicity.

Define the term valency?

Valency is the capacity of an atom to lose, gain or share atoms during a chemical reaction is called its valency.

What is a chemical formula?

A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of the number of atoms present in a molecule of that substance.

What is Acid radical?

Negatively charged radical is called as acidic radical.

What is Basic radical?

Positively charged radical is called a basic radical.

What are polyatomic ions?

A charged ion that consists of two or more covalently bonded atoms are called polyatomic ions

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